Revelation 18

 The announcement of Babylon’s judgment comes in two divisions. The fist is an angel who comes down from heaven with “bright splendor.” and with great authority.  The angel announces that Babylon (Rome) has fallen. The second is when another voice from heaven calls God’s people out of the city, for it is about to receive double the penalty for the suffering it imposed on others. There is nothing ahead for the city but death, mourning and famine. The once proud kingdom is now about to be ruined.
 
As we will see Rome has become a home for demons, evil spirits, and unclean birds. Nations drink her adulterous wine, kings commit adultery with her, and merchants grow rich from her excessive luxuries. 
 
Revelation 18
Vs 1 – 2:  Babylon has always been figurative of resistance to the expansion of the kingdom of God. As it fell in times past, so will it be destroyed in the future. Rome is called “Babylon” so readers will know what God did to the first Babylon and then recognize that in giving Rome that title he will once again carry out his judgment on the city.  The once magnificent city of Babylon will lie entirely forsaken. It is to become the hideout for evil spirits and all kinds of unclean creatures.  This is it is a prophetic representation of complete isolation where the accomplishments of humanity have become the demonic dwelling place of unclean and abominable creatures. Since Rome is already the habitation of evil spirits, it follows that when she falls nothing will remain but the evil spirits and ceremonially unclean creatures.
 
Vs 3:  This verse gives the reason for the fall of Rome.  Rome is fallen because she has coerced the nations to drink the wine of her passionate adulteries.   Adultery is often symbolic in the OT for apostasy from God. It is used here to denote the impure and illegitimate relationships between Roma and all the nations of the earth. In the last days it will be personified by worship of the beast. 
 
Vs 4:  God’s people are called to leave this ill-fated city. Prophets of former days had issued similar warnings. The call to leave suggests a literal departure from the doomed city, but when, according to theologian Robert Mounce, “projected on the larger screen of the consummation it becomes a call to the last generation of believers for ‘spiritual withdrawal from Vanity Fair.’”[1]
 
Two reasons they are to leave the city:

1. To not share in her sins. To share in sins is to reap her restitution. Commonly throughout the NT a believer is called to be set apart to God for a holy.
2. To not receive any of her plagues.

Vs 5 – 6:  Plagues are about to be released on the city because of the numerous sins the city has piled on her.  God has not forgotten these sins and he will punish the city because of them.  As a result, she will receive double the penalty.  She will ultimately get what she deserves and then some.
 
Vs 7 - 8:  Rome is to receive sorrow and torment in the exact proportion to the self-glorification and luxurious lifestyle she has chosen. This humiliation of Babylon will involve torment and grief.  The judgment that will fall on Rome will be like in kind to what she has dished out to others. She will receive a double portion from her own cup. She who once boasted of her invulnerability will be brought to nothing. Just as she has caused many to experience every kind of adversity, she herself will experience the distress of poverty and demise. The point, however, is not that the church will rejoice because others suffer but because God in his justice will see to it that the haughty vindictiveness of Rome will not go unnoticed or unpunished.
 
Vs 9 – 10: The kings and nations that turned to Rome and profited and benefitted their allegiance to her will all mourn because the city they depended on and loved has fallen.   They were involved in illegitimate affairs (immoral business practices, and power) with the prostitute and at one time enjoyed the luxuries that their adulterous relationship with Rome provided to them.  The nations do not rush to the rescue of their concubine but “stand at a distance, terrified by her great torment”. They are amazed that judgment could fall upon a city in such a swift manner, as great and strong as Rome. They raise their voices in the sorrowful lament.
 
Vs 11:  The mourning is also taken up by the merchants not out of sympathy for the fall of Rome who is now brought low, but because with its destruction they have lost their major source of financial gain
 
Vs 12 – 14:  The merchants mourn the fact that all the rich luxuries that Rome longed for have vanished forever. The concluding clause, “never to be recovered,” brackets the list along with the earlier statement, “no one buys their cargoes anymore”
 
Vs 15 – 17:  The merchants had profited richly from their trade with the great city of Rome. Now, like the kings of the earth, they take their stand at a safe distance to weep and mourn. Their lament is poetic in form. Continuing the use of triplets, the merchants describe the city as dressed in fine linen, purple, and scarlet; she glitters with gold, precious stones, and pearls.
 
Vs 18:  The mourning continues with a third group, and it involves those in and connected with the shipping industry.  As they watch the smoke rise from the burning ruins, they cry out in amazement, “Where is there another city as great as this?”

Vs 21: Another mighty angel appears and takes a “huge millstone” and throws it into the water, never to be seen again.  This represents the fall of Babylon (Rome).  She will be cast out, forever lost and no one will ever be able to see this great city again.  The angel violently throws the millstone into the sea. This emphasizes how quickly and astonishingly the judgment of God will be accomplished not only upon an ancient city but the entire ungodly and anti-Christian world who opposes God.
 
Vs 22 – 23: John describes the effects of the sudden overthrow of Rome. He describes numerous characteristics of everyday life in Rome that cease to exist.

1. “The sound of the harps” - Music will never fill the streets again.  Silence reigns in the toppled city.
2. The craftsmen utilizing their career will end. The entire economy has abruptly ended.
3. “The Sound of the Mill” – This is the ending of food. The sound of the millstone is heard no more.
4. “The light of the lamp will never shine” – The absence of all light adds to the barrenness of the fallen city. It is uncertain if Rome had streetlights, but it was not uncommon for people to watch the wealthy being accompanied home from festivals and parties by a large staff of slaves carrying torches. Rome was accustomed to lights burning by night as craftsmen worked long hours to fill their orders. But now the darkness overtakes the desolate and secluded city.
5. “The happy voices of brides and grooms” - The joy of marriage—the closest connection between two human relationships—is likewise gone. Wedding ceremonies are a distant memory. The joyous celebrations of the marriage ceremony are now forever suppressed.
   
   

Vs 23b: One of the reasons for this judgment was because of the deception of the nations, which Rome had accomplished by means of sorcery. It is unlikely that this means the actual practice of magic for the advantage of business, however dark magic was widely practiced in Rome. It is meant to indicate in a larger sense the art of deception by which Rome had enamored the nations into a fraudulent means of security, which led to merchants and allies viewing Rome as the eternal city.
 
Vs 24:  The angel speaks about the blood of Christian martyrs that flowed in the streets of Rome. Rome’s guilt extends to all who have been slain upon the earth because she is the reigning sovereign of the entire world.[1]
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[1] Mounce, R. H. (1997). The Book of Revelation (p. 339). Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
[1] Mounce, R. H. (1997). The Book of Revelation (p. 327). Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

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